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The first item is to decide how you will define
"organic." The definition of organic has been bandied about in the
labeling wars, but when referring to a garden, it's really about pesticides and
fertilizers more than anything else. An organic garden has no chemical from any
source that would not be biodegradable or would be harmful to birds or
wildlife. However, some "organic" gardens have synthetic substances,
others do not. Decide for yourself and consider everything that goes into the
garden.
Planning is crucial to a successful organic garden. You need
to consider the layout of your plots. North-facing gardens in the southern
hemisphere and south-facing gardens in the northern hemisphere are best. If
your area is windy, you will need to find solutions for this, too. Fencing and
wind barrier plantings are popular ways to block excessive wind.
Having water close by is just as important. Installing an
irrigation system with a timer is an ideal way to go. It will make the
difference between enjoying your garden and being a slave to it. If you are
planting trees and shrubs, check what their mature size will be. Many shrubs
and trees are difficult to move. Trees will grow and make shade, so don't
forget they do this. Sun-loving plants and flowers can't thrive in the
shade.
** You want to place your garden somewhere that gets at least
six hours of sunshine and is close to a source of water. You want to be sure
the soil drains well. Consider building a raised bed. It will ensure good
drainage as well as keeping the soil suitably warm.
** Next, weed the garden area thoroughly. Mow, pull and dig
up their roots. Till the soil and rake it smooth. Make sure there are no more
sprouts. If so, pull them out as well.
** You want great nutrient-rich soil for your garden. You can
make your own compost with organic materials. Use fallen leaves, pulled weeds
before they go to seed, eggshells, coffee grounds and grass clippings. You can
also purchase it at a local nursery. Till this into the soil to feed your
plants, and use leftovers as mulch. You want at least six inches of loose soil.
** Only use plants that will thrive in your region. Make sure
to choose plants that are right for your hardiness zone. Look for plants that
have a proven record of success and disease resistance. And always start from
seeds. Nursery plants will most likely have some amount of chemical fertilizer
or pesticide on them.
** Tend your garden well. A small organic garden that thrives
is more important than a large one that fails. Use heaps of organic mulch to
help suppress weeds. Try wood chips or grass clippings. The mulch will also
keep the soil moist so you don't need to water as often. Use friendly insects,
like ladybugs, to help keep your garden healthy and organic!